液压式压茶机的设计
摘 要
液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动，是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起来的一门新兴技术，是工农业生产中广为应用的一门技术。如今，流体传动技术水平的高低已成为一个国家工业发展水平的重要标志。
液压传动有许多突出的优点，因此它的应用非常广泛，如一般工。业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等；行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等；钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等；土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等；发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等国；船舶用的甲板起重机械(绞车)、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等；特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等；军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等。
液压传动的基本原理是在密闭的容器内，利用有压力的油液作为工作介质来实现能量转换和传递动力的。其中的液体称为工作介质，一般为矿物油，它的作用和机械传动中的皮带、链条和齿轮等传动元件相类似。在液压传动中，液压油缸就是一个最简单而又比较完整的液压传动系统，分析它的工作过程，可以清楚的了解液压传动的基本原理.液压传动系统的组成
液压传动的优点：(1)体积小、重量轻，因此惯性力较小，当突然过载或停车时，不会发生大的冲击；(2)能在给定范围内平稳的自动调节牵引速度，并可实现无极调速；(3)换向容易，在不改变电机旋转方向的情况下，可以较方便地实现工作机构旋转和直线往复运动的转换；(4)液压泵和液压马达之间用油管连接，在空间布置上彼此不受严格限制；(5)由于采用油液为工作介质，元件相对运动表面间能自行润滑，磨损小，使用寿命长；(6)操纵控制简便，自动化程度高；(7)容易实现过载保护。
通过对分析液压压茶机的国内外生产及研究现状，确定了本论文的主要设计内容。在确定了压茶机初步设计方案后，采用了传统设计方法对130T液压压茶机机身结构进行设计计算及强度校核，并采用AutoCAD设计软件对上横梁、底座、液压缸、活动横梁、挤压筒、挤压轴、立柱及总装图进行了工程绘图，在参考了某公司生产的三梁四柱式液压墙体压砖机机液压系统以及查阅了有关关于液压系统设计的书籍后，确定了液压传动控制系统的设计方案，绘制了液压系统原理图，设计了液压系统的工作说明书，并对其进行了可行性分析，最后对整个设计进行系统分析，得出整个设计切实可行。
关键词：液压传动控制系统；压茶机；机身结构
Abstract
Hydraulic transmission and pneumatic transmission fluid transmission is called, is put forward according to the seventeenth century PASCAL liquid static pressure transmission principle and developed a new technology, it is widely applied in industrial and agricultural production of a technology. Now, fluid drive technology of level has become a national industrial development level of important symbol.
Hydraulic transmission has many outstanding qualities, so it's very extensive, such as general work. Industry of plastic processing machinery, with pressure machinery, machine tools; Walking in the mechanical engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobile, etc.; Steel industrial metallurgy mechanical, improve device, roll adjusting device, etc.; With the flood control engineering, asce, the gates and the dam device, lifting devices river bridge, manipulated mechanism, etc.; Power plant turbines control device, nuclear power plant and other countries; The deck of the ship in hoisting machinery (winch), the bow to the door, the bulkhead valve, the stern thrusters, etc.; Special technology giant antenna with control devices, measuring buoy, lift revolving stage, etc.; Military industrial gun control devices, ship roll reduction device, aircraft simulation, the plane landing gear device and rudder control devices, etc.
The basic principle of hydraulic drive is in an airtight container inside, use pressure oil as medium to realize the energy conversion and transfer of power. The liquid called work medium, generally for mineral oil, the role of the mechanical transmission belt, and the chain and gears and transmission components are similar.
Hydraulic system mainly by the: power components (oil), actuators (oil cylinder or hydraulic motor), the control elements (all the), auxiliary components and working medium five parts.
1) power components (oil) its role is to bring the liquid use mover mechanical energy converted into hydraulic pressure can; Is the power of hydraulic drive. 2) actuators (oil cylinder, hydraulic motor) it is a liquid hydraulic can convert into mechanical energy. Among them, the oil cylinder do linear motion, the motor do rotation movement. 3) the control elements including pressure valve, flow valves and direction valves, etc. Their role is according to need to adjust the motive of the liquid stepless speed, and to work in hydraulic system of the liquid pressure, flow and flow to adjust control. 4) auxiliary components in addition to the above three parts other than components, including the pressure gauge, oil filters, energy storage device, cooler, pipe and fuel tank and so on, they also is very important. 5) working medium medium means all types of hydraulic transmission of the hydraulic oil or emulsion, it passes through the oil pump and liquid motivation realize energy conversion.
Through to the analysis of the hydraulic press tea machine production and research situation at home and abroad, determined the main content of this topic design. In determining the pressure brick machine preliminary design scheme, used the traditional design method of hydraulic pressure of 130 T tea machine design and calculate the body structure and strength check, and using AutoCAD software to design the beams, the base, stretching the slider and press edge the slider, stretching cylinder, pillar and assembly drawing the engineering drawing, in reference to the a company produced four beam four pillar type hydraulic pressure wall brick conveying rate of hydraulic system and access to the hydraulic system of books about design, determined the hydraulic drive control system, the design of the hydraulic system to draw the principle diagram, the design of the hydraulic system, and analyses the feasibility analysis, the final design of the whole system are analyzed, and concluded that the whole design is feasible.
Key words: Hydraulic drive control system; press tea machine; body structure
目 录
摘 要 2
Abstract 3
第一章 绪论 4
1.1选题的意义 4
1.1.1茶叶的成分 4
1.1.2紧压茶的具体分类 4
1.1.3紧压茶的历史 7
1.1.4本文研究的主要意义 7
1.2液压技术的发展和应用 8
第二章 液压式压茶机的工作原理 10
2.1压茶机工作原理 10
2.2液压机的工作循环 11
第三章 压茶机主要部件的设计 16
3.1压茶机结构选择 16
3.2压茶机体及主要部件的设计 16
3.2.1压茶机主要参数的确定 16
3.2.2压茶机零部件初步设计 17
3.2.2.1上横梁结构设计 17
3.2.2.2上横梁的强度计算 18
3.2.2.3下横梁的设计、计算和效核 22
3.2.3压茶机油缸的设计 24
3.3下模（挤压筒）的结构形式 29
3.3.1挤压筒尺寸计算和强度校核 30
3.3.2挤压筒的合理使用： 31
3.4上模（挤压轴）的设计 31
3.4.1结构设计 31
3.4.2挤压轴的尺寸计算与强度的校核 32
第四章 压茶机液压系统及元件的设计 34
4.1液压系统原理 34
4.2压茶机液压系统中液压件的选择和计算： 36
第五章 结论 38
致 谢 39
参考文献 40
参考文献
[1] 朱钒，张志，张道富，李庆亮，司徒忠. 国内外液压机技术现状及发展趋势[J]. 上海：上海科学技术出版社，2008.
[2] 濮良贵，纪名刚. 机械设计. 高等教育出版社，2006.
[3] 吴宗泽，罗圣国. 机械设计课程设计手册. 高等教育出版社，2006.
[4] 刘鸿文. 简明材料力学. 高等教育出版社，2008.
[5] 王守勇，段俊勇. 液压元件及选用. 北京：化学工业出版社， 2007.
[6] 张利平. 液压传动与控制. 西北工业大学出版社，2005.
[7] 张利平. 液压传动系统及设计. 北京：化学工业出版社， 2005.
[8] 赖华清. 液压设计手册. 北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[9] 宋鸿尧. 液压阀设计计算[M]. 机械工业出版社，1982.
[10] 魏斯亮，李时骏. 互换性与技术测量. 北京：北京理工大学出版社，2007.
[11] 涂晓斌，钟红生. 机械制图. 江西高校出版社，2007.
[12] 路甬祥，液压气动技术手册[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003.
[13] 陆元章，现代机械设备设计手册（2）[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1996.
[14] American Machinist. 1983. 127 (11).
[15] Lange K. Lehrbuch der Umformtechnik.Bandl：Springer-Verlag, 1972.
http://www.bysj360.com/ http://www.bysj360.com/html/4328.html
