数控机床的使用和一般维修方法

数控机床的使用和一般维修方法

数控机床的使用和一般维修方法

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数控机床的使用和一般维修方法

                    数控机床的使用和一般维修方法
数控机床的工作原理就是将加工过程所的各种操作和步骤以及工件的形状尺寸用数化的代码表示,通过控制介质将数字信息送数控装置,数控装置对输入的信息进行处理运算,发出各种控制信号,控制机床的伺服系或其他驱动元件,使机床自动加工出所需要工件。所以,数控加工的关键是加工数据和工参数的获取,即数控编程。数控加工一般包括下几个内容:
a. an analysis of the drawings to determine the required number of processing parts; b. the use of graphics software for the required part of NC plus modeling; c. according to processing conditions, select the appropriate additional parameters, trajectory generation processing; d. trajectory simulation test; e. Health C code; f. pass machining.
a.对图纸进行分析,确定需要数加工的部分;
b.利用图形软件对需要数控加的部分造型;c.根据加工条件,选择合适的加参数,生成加工轨迹;d.轨迹的仿真检验;e.生C代码;f.传给机床加工。
CNC machine tools in use one should pay attention to matters
1数控机床使用中应注意的事项
1.1 machine operator, maintenance personnel must be a corresponding master bed professional expertise or technical training of people, and must be in accordance with safety rules and safe operation of the provisions of fuck machine tools;
 1.1机床操作、维修人员必须是掌握相应床专业知识的专业人员或经过技术培训的人,且必须按安全操作规程及安全操作规定操机床
1.2 Non-professionals should not open the electric doors, open the doors to be sure that the total power supply to switch off the machine open. Only professional maintenance personnel will be allowed to open electric doors, electrical maintenance;
 1.2非专业人员不得打开电柜门,打开柜门前必须确认已经关掉了机床总电源开。只有专业维修人员才允许打开电柜门,进行电检修
1.3 In addition to a number of users and can change the parameters, all other system parameters, spindle parameters, servo parameters, users can not privately modify, or set up will bring the operator, the workpiece, such as personal injury;
 1.3除一些供用户使用并可以改动参数外,其它系统参数、主轴参数、伺服参数,用户不能私自修改,否则将给操作者带来设、工件、人身等伤害;
1.4 modify parameter, for the first time processing, machine tools in the tool and workpiece is not loaded the case of machine locked, single-program segment, etc. They may be test run to confirm the normal and then use the machine tool bed;
 1.4修改参数后,进行第次加工时,机床在不装刀具和工件的情况下机床锁住、单程序段等方式进行试运行,确认床正常后再使用机床
1.5 Machine tool manufacturers PLC procedures required by the machine tool design, no amend.
Operating machine tools may cause damage to machine tools, to harm the operator;
1.5机床的PLC程序机床制造商按机床需要设计的,不需要修改。,操作机床可能造成机床的损坏,至伤害操作者;
1.6 recommended maximum hours of continuous operation of machine tools, if the continuous operation time is too long will affect the electrical system and part of the life of mechanical devices, which will affect the degree of machine tools;
 1.6建议机床连续运行最多小时,如果连续运行时间太长会影响电气系和部分机械器件的寿命,从而会影响机床的度;
1.7 machine all connected , and joints and so on, are not allowed to bring out, plug the operation, otherwise will lead to serious consequences.
 1.7机床全部连接器、接头等,不允许带拔、插操作,否则将引起严重的后果。2 NC Machine Tool Maintenance
2数控机床的维护
2.1 day-to-day maintenance of the development of numerical control system rules and regulations. According to the characteristics of the various components to determine their own maintenance regulations. Places such as expressly set which required cleaning every day (such as CNC system lost, the output unit --- photoelectric reader cleaning, checking mechanical parts lubrication good configuration, etc.), which regularly seized parts or replacement (such as DC servo electric Electrical brush and commutator should check on times).
 2.1制订数控系统日常维护的规章制度。据各种部件特点,确定各自保养条例。如明文定哪些地方需要天天清理(如CNC系统的输、输出单元———光电阅读机的清洁,检查机械构部分是否润滑良好等),哪些部件要定期检或更换(如直流伺服电动机电刷和换向器应月检查次)。
2.2 should be minimal and strong counter open CNC electric door. Machining Workshop in because the air is generally oil mist, dust or metal powders. Once they fall within the NC EC lines or electrical items printed on the device easily lead to inter-element insulation resistance drop, and even lead to production of components and damaged lines. Some users in the summer in order to enable the numerical control system the long-term work overload, open the door to CNC cabinet cooling, which is a desirable method, numerical control system will eventually lead to accelerated deterioration. The correct way is to reduce the numerical control system degrees of the external environment. Therefore, there should be a strict requirement, unless the necessary adjustments and repairs, does not allow any open doors, but also not allowed to open the doors when in use.
2.2应尽量少开数控柜和强电的门。因为在机加工车间的空气中一般都含油雾、灰尘甚至金属粉末。一旦它们落在数控统内的印制线路或电器件上,容易引起元器间绝缘电阻下降,甚至导致元器件及印制线的损坏。有的用户在夏天为了使数控系统超荷长期工作,打开数控柜的门来散热,这是种不可取的方法,最终会导致数控系统的加速坏。正确的方法是降低数控系统的外部环境度。因此,应该有一种严格的规定,除非进行必要的调整和维修,不允许随便开启柜门,更不允许在使用时敞开柜门。
2.3 Timing NC sweeping cabinet cooling ventilation system. Numerical control system should be checked daily in all cabinet cooling fan work is normal, should be the work of environmental conditions, every six months or once every quarter to check whether or not air duct filters have blocked. If the accumulation of excessive dust filter online, the need for timely clean-up, otherwise will cause the temperature inside the high-numerical control system (generally not allowed more than 55 ℃), caused by overheating or NC alarm system unreliable.
 2.3定时清扫数控柜的散热通风系统。应每天检查数控系统柜上各个冷却风扇工作是否正常,应视工作环境状况,每半年或每季度检查一次风道过滤器是否有堵。如果过滤网上灰尘积聚过多,需及时清理,否则将会引起数控系统柜内温度高(一般不允许超过55℃),造成过热报警或数控系统工作不可靠。
2.4 often used in numerical control system to monitor voltage. FANUC CNC production system, permit grid voltage rating of 85% ~ 110% range. If beyond this range, it will cause a system not working properly, or even give rise to numerical control system of internal damage to electronic components.
2.4经常监视数控系统用的电网电压。FANUC公司生产的数控系统,允许电网电压在额定值的85%~110%的范围内波动。如果超出此范围,就会造成系统不能正常工作,甚至会引起数控系统内部电子部件损坏。
2.5 periodic replacement of battery memory. Battery required to maintain the CMOS RAM devices, for the electricity during the CNC system is not able to maintain the contents of storage, with internal rechargeable battery to maintain the circuit. In the NC system power when the +5 V power supply through a diode to the CMOS RAM powered, rechargeable battery and charger; when the NC system power supply cut off, then replaced by a battery-powered CMOS RAM to maintain the information Under normal circumstances, even if the battery has not yet expired should be replaced once a year the battery in order to ensure the system can work properly. In addition, we must note that the replacement of batteries in the NC system power supply should be carried out under the state.
2.5定期更换存储器用电池。需要用电池保持的CMOS RAM器件,为了在数控系统不通电期间能保持存储的内容,内部设有可充电电池维持电路。在数控系统通电时,由+5V电源经一个二极管向CMOS RAM供电,并对可充电电池进行充电;当数控系统切断电源时,则改为由电池供电来维持CMOS RAM内的信息,在一般情况下,即使电池尚未失效也应每年更换一次电池,以便确保系统能正常工作。另外,一定要注意,电池的更换应在数控系统供电状态下进行。

3 CNC machine tools in general fault diagnosis method3
数控机床故障的一般诊断方法
3.1 intuitive method. Is to take full advantage of people's hands, eyes, ears, nose and other senses to observe the event of the failure of CNC machine tools to the phenomenon
To determine the site of failure may occur, that is the basis of failure that may occur when a variety of sound, fire, smoke, odor and abnormal phenomena such as fever, carefully look for every possible failure of a circuit board surface condition and the various electrical components, to find the fault lies, or failure to narrow the scope of a circuit board or a module. This approach requires that maintenance personnel must have practical experience, by observing the symptoms of "search data" analysis principle, combined with the rich experience accumulated over a long period of failure to carry out the specific diagnosis.
 3.1直观法。就是充分利用人的手、眼、耳、鼻等感官来观察数控机床发生故障时的现象以判断故障可能发生的部位,即根据发生故障时可能出现的各种声响、火光、烟雾、气味及发热异常等现象,认真细致察看可能发生故障的每一块电路板的表面状况及各个电器元件,找出故障所在,或将故障范围缩小到某一电路板或某一模块。这一方法要求维修人员有一定的实践经验,通过观察症状“查找资料”分析原理,同时结合长期积累的丰富经验对故障进行具体诊断。
3.2 Self-diagnosis function of search method. CNC machine tool control systems usually have a strong fault self-diagnosis function of the fault diagnosis system typically includes hardware and software instructions directed the police in two parts, CNC machine tools to monitor the working condition. Under normal circumstances failure, self-diagnosis function of the system will sound the alarm, and display information indicative of the failure of the general causes of failure. As long as the maintenance personnel familiar with and keep a detailed report to the police that machine with self-diagnostic capabilities, can easily search failure. This is the most effective repair methods.   
3.2自诊断功能查找法。数控机床的控制系统通常都有较强的故障自诊断功能其故障诊断系统通常包括硬件报警指示和软件指示两个部分,随时监视数控机床的工作状态。一般情况下发生故障时,自诊断功能系统就会发出警报,并通过显示的故障信息指示故障的大致起因。只要维修人员熟悉并保管好详细的报警说明,借助机床的自诊断功能,可以方便地查找故障。这是维修中最有效的一种方法。
3.3 functional test procedures. CNC system is commonly used functions and special features programmed by hand or automatic programming methods, the preparation of a functional test procedures, into the NC system, to check the implementation of these functions of machine tool accuracy and reliability, and then judge Possible reasons for failure happened. This method is mainly used when the abnormal operation of equipment fault diagnosis.
 3.3功能程序测试法。就是将数控系统的常用功能和特殊功能用手工编程或自动编程的方法,编制成一个功能测试程序,送入数控系统,借以检查机床执行这些功能的准确性和可靠性,进而判断故障发生的可能原因。这种方法主要用于设备运行异常时的故障诊断。3.4 Replacement parts method. Is the analysis of the causes of failure in general circumstances, the use of printed circuit boards standby, templates, integrated circuit chips or components to replace parts of doubt has to determine where the fault components, or failure to narrow the scope of printed circuit board , chip or component level. For modern control system repair, a growing number of cases using this method for diagnosis. Then replace the damaged module with spare parts. 3.4置换备件法。就是在分析出故障大致起因的情况下,利用备用的印制电路板、模板、集成电路芯片或元器件替换有疑点的部分,从而确定故障之所在部件,或把故障范围缩小到印制电路板、芯片或元器件一级。对于现代控制系统的维修,越来越多的情况采用这种方法进行诊断。然后用备件替换损坏模块。

  • 关键词 数控机床 使用 一般 维修 方法
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