基于AVR单片机变压器的智能绕线系统设计
摘 要
文章介绍了ATMEL公司的MEGA16单片机控制的变压器绕线系统。论述了系统的工作原理、硬件实现及软件编程方法。系统包括单片机控制电路、传感器检测电路、电机驱动电路、键盘输入和液晶显示电路几部分。绕线与排线两轴无机械耦合，通过电气解耦和软件控制，保证了两轴的同步驱动，实现了柔性化数字控制。传统老式的绕线机在使用时存在着一些功能缺陷：匝数记数不清；线盘甩线等；在绕制细微漆包线时，出现无法达到整齐排线，绕线张力无法控制等问题，特别是绕制线径较小的一些线圈和传感器机芯线圈时，问题尤为突出。这些缺点严重影响了绕线的质量。
[关键词] 绕线机；单片机；传感器；电机
Abstract
The article introduced a kind of transformer round line system based on the MEGA16 MCU of ATMEL company. It discusses working principle, hardware realization and the software plait distance method of system. The system includes the MCU controlled circuit, the transducer detected circuit, electromotor drive circuit, keyboard imported circuit and LCD show circuit .The two stalks of round line and row line have no mechanical coupling, and the system control through the electric solution coupling and software controlling, to promise synchronously drive of the two stalks, and carry out a gentle numerical control. The traditional old style rounds line machines have some function blemishes while using , such as , counting circle not exactly , line tray throwing line and so on . While rounding small line wrap around lacquer, it can't arrange line tidily and can't control the strain while rounding line .The problem is outstanding, especially when rounding some small diameter winding and some winding of sensor's core .These weaknesses seriously influenced the quality to round linear. This design works out the problems above, and it is applicable to round the small line wraps around lacquer. Not only the tension is stable and the line is arranged tidily, but also the design provided the man-machine interface of amity, making use of the LCD screen. It realized that the craft is gentle to turn, craft parameter is convenience to change, and the effect is better .Practice proved that the system mentioned above have a great many of advantages , such as , operated simple, run credibility, high automation degree, high control accuracy, work steadily and reliably.
[Key words] Rounding line machine；MCU；Sensor；Electromotor
目 录
第一章 序言----------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 系统功能要求-----------------------------------------------------1
1.2 系统组成---------------------------------------------------------1
第二章 系统设计方案的比较------------------------------------------------3
2.1 直流电机的方案论证与选择-----------------------------------------3
2.2 显示电路的方案论证与选择-----------------------------------------4
第三章 系统硬件设计------------------------------------------------------5
3.1 单片机电路-------------------------------------------------------5
3.1.1 AVR单片机内部结构-------------------------------------------5
3.1.2 AVR单片机引脚功能------------------------------------------6
3.1.3 AVR单片机最小系统电路--------------------------------------6
3.1.4 AVR单片机PWM电路-----------------------------------------8
3.2 电源电路--------------------------------------------------------8
3.2.1 电源芯片引脚功能--------------------------------------------9
3.3 直流电机驱动电路------------------------------------------------10
3.4 传感器电路------------------------------------------------------12
第四章 系统的软件设计---------------------------------------------------14
4.1 直流电机控制子程序----------------------------------------------14
4.2 键盘子程序------------------------------------------------------14
4.3 传感器子程序----------------------------------------------------16
4.4 步进电机控制子程序----------------------------------------------16
4.5 显示子程序------------------------------------------------------17
4.6 主程序----------------------------------------------------------19
第五章 系统调试--------------------------------------------------------20
5.1 硬件调试--------------------------------------------------------20
5.1.1 电源电路的调试----------------------------------------------20
5.1.2 直流电机电路的调试------------------------------------------20
5.1.3 步进电机电路的调试------------------------------------------20
5.1.4 传感器电路的调试--------------------------------------------20
5.2 软件调试--------------------------------------------------------20
第六章 结论-------------------------------------------------------------21
致谢语-------------------------------------------------------------------22
参考文献-----------------------------------------------------------------23
附录一 原理图------------------------------------------------------------24
附录二 程序--------------------------------------------------------------25
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