新能源汽车电机驱动系统教学平台的设计
摘 要
随着石油资源的逐渐枯竭，城市大气污染的加重，新能源汽车的市场逐渐增大。
新能源汽车包括了天然气燃料汽车、乙醇燃料汽车、氢能源汽车、电动车等，而在这
些新能源汽车中，电动汽车在现阶段更符合技术实现和节能环保需求。
电动汽车与传统燃油汽车比较，具有零排放的优点（污染排放为发电厂，转移了
污染源），并且实现了能量转换的高效率。根据现阶段电价，具有比较低的使用成本；
另外由于电动汽车养护简单，具有养护费用低的特点。
电机作为电动汽车的重要组成部件，和传统燃油汽车的发动机比较，具有本质上
的区别，所以针对新能源汽车技术的学习，电机和电机控制技术是关键技术之一。在
本论文中，主要讲解电机控制器以及该控制器的软硬件技术细节，并进行相应的实验，
以增强对理论知识的理解。
通过对电机和电机控制系统原理的学习，并结合一定的实践，有利于打牢新能源
汽车相关基础，对后期新能源汽车的开发、测试、技术支持、维修等有帮助。理实一
体化的学习方式，针对知识的理解更深入，对相关知识在实车上的应用也可以做到迁
移性。本论文将会对新能源汽车中的电机控制器软硬件进行介绍，并进行一定的实验
操作，以更好的理解电机控制系统工作原理。
关键词：新能源汽车、电机、电机驱动系统
Abstract
With the gradual depletion of petroleum resources and the aggravation of urban air
pollution, the market of new energy vehicles is gradually increasing. New energy vehicles
include natural gas-fueled vehicles, ethanol-fueled vehicles, hydrogen-fueled vehicles,
electric vehicles and so on. In these new energy vehicles, electric vehicles are more in line
with the needs of technology realization and energy saving and environmental protection at
this stage.
Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have the advantages of zero
emission (pollution emissions are power plants, which transfer pollution sources), and
achieve high efficiency of energy conversion. According to the current electricity price, it
has a relatively low use cost; in addition, because of the simple maintenance of electric
vehicles, it has the characteristics of low maintenance costs.
As an important component of electric vehicle, motor is essentially different from the
engine of traditional fuel vehicle. Therefore, motor and motor control technology is one of
the key technologies for the study of new energy vehicle technology. In this paper, the
details of the motor controller and the hardware and software of the controller are explained,
and the corresponding experiments are carried out to enhance the understanding of the
theoretical knowledge.
Through studying the principle of motor and motor control system and combining with
certain practice, it is helpful to lay a solid foundation for the development, testing, technical
support and maintenance of new energy vehicles in the later stage. Integration of theory and
practice can help us understand knowledge more thoroughly, and make the application of
relevant knowledge more transferable on the real vehicle. This paper will introduce the
hardware and software of the motor controller in the new energy vehicle, and carry out
some experimental operations to better understand the working principle of the motor
control system.
Key words: new energy vehicle, motor, motor drive system
目录
1、绪 论 .............................................................. 1
1.1 系统概述 ......................................................... 1
1.2 系统功能认知 ..................................................... 2
1.3 课题的目的及意义 ................................................. 2
1.4 课题主要内容和工作 ............................................... 3
2、系统总体方案设计 ..................................................... 4
2.1 加速踏板 ......................................................... 4
2.2 挡位开关 ......................................................... 6
2.3 制动踏板 ......................................................... 8
2.4 电机传感器的分类 ................................................ 11
2.4.1 电机驱动板温度传感器 ...................................... 11
2.4.2 电机温度传感器 ............................................ 13
2.4.4 电流传感器 ................................................ 16
2.5 电机驱动器 ...................................................... 18
3、新能源电机驱动系统教学平台的设计 .................................... 24
3.1 新能源电机驱动系统 .............................................. 24
3.1.1 电机驱动系统的功能 ........................................ 24
3.2 电机驱动系统的构造与工作原理 .................................... 24
3.2.1 电机控制系统(MCU) ......................................... 24
3.2.2 电机驱动系统控制原理 ...................................... 26
3.2.3 电源转换器 ................................................ 27
3.2.4 电源诊断 .................................................. 28
3.3 教学平台的设计 .................................................. 28
3.3.1 教学平台的结构 ............................................ 28
3.3.2 教学平台的线路 ............................................ 29
3.3.3 教学平台的使用方法 ........................................ 35
3.3.4 教学平台设计的外形 ........................................ 35
4、教学平台故障说明与分析 .............................................. 36
4.1 故障设置说明 .................................................... 36
4.2 教学平台故障分析 ................................................ 36
4.2.1 新能源汽车交流异步电机控制系统电机不旋转 .................. 36
4.2.2 新能源汽车交流异步电机控制系统 CAN 数据读取失败 ............ 36
4.2.3 新能源汽车交流异步电机控制系统都不能够正常 ................ 38
5、总结 ................................................................ 40
6、致谢 ................................................................ 41
参考文献 ............................................................... 42
附录：教学平台 MCU 电机控制系统电路原理图 ............................... 43
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