一种双轴太阳跟踪平台的设计
摘要：太阳自动跟踪系统是开发并有效利用太阳能资源不可或缺的重要的组成部分,目前使用的太阳能电池光电转换率非常低,实验室约为24%,产业化约为15%。理论分析表明：在太阳能发电系统中,在相同条件下,跟踪式系统的能量接收率比非跟踪式系统的接收率提高37.7%。因此,为了提高太阳能利用率,本文研究设计了一种能够按照太阳高度角-方位角分别控制对应的机械机构，并使其能够协调，流畅，准确的运动起来。以及配套的控制设备，实现对太阳位置准确跟踪的机械系统。此系统通过方位角回转机构的角度回转和仰角调节机构的高度调节，实现太阳能电池板的对日
关键词： 太阳跟踪； 光电检测； PLC控制
A two-axis sun tracking platform
Abstract：Sun automatic tracking system is developed and effective utilization of solar energy resources of the indispensable important constituent, is using solar cells photoelectric conversion rate is very low, the lab is about 24%, the industrialization of about 15%. Theory analysis shows that in the solar system, in the same condition, the tracking system provided the energy receiving rate than receiving rate of the tracking system provided by 37.7%. In order to improve the utilization rate of solar energy, therefore, in this paper we design a can according to the Angle of the sun - azimuth control respectively corresponding mechanical mechanism, and to coordinate, fluent, accurate movement. And the control equipment of form a complete set to realize accurate tracking of the sun position of mechanical system. This system through the azimuth Angle rotation of slewing mechanism and the adjusting mechanism for the elevation height adjustment, realize the solar panels to sun.
Keywords the sun tracking； photoelectric detection； PLC control
一、选题简介、意义
太阳能光伏发电作为太阳能利用的主要方式之一，因其资源潜力大，可持续利用等特点，成为近年来发展的重点。太阳能电池发电量大小除与电池板功率和运行状况有关外，还与能量的转换效率有关，直接影响性能的好坏。因此太阳能光伏组件阵列的安装方式对太阳能发电系统的效率影响非常大。为了提高太阳能电池转换效率，使太阳能电池模块的框架平台可以跟踪太阳光旋转，并保持框架平台上的太阳能电池与阳光入射角垂直，最大限度地接收太阳能，达到光能的最大获取率。
目 录
摘要及关键词
摘要
关键词
第一章 序言·························································10
第二章 双轴式太阳自动跟踪系统的总体设计························11
2.1机械执行结构设计····················································12
2.11方位角回转机构··················································13
2.12俯仰角调节机构··················································13
2.2整体方案····························································14
2.3机械传动····························································15
第三章 系统软件及电路设计说明····································16
3.1软件流程图··························································17
3.2系统的流程图························································18
3.2光电跟踪····························································19
第四章 PLC控制系统介绍和程序控制过程要求·····················20
4.1 PLC型号选择························································20
4.2 I/O分配表···························································21
4.3 PLC和变频器的调速··················································23
4.4 MM440变频器·······················································23
4.41参数设置计算····················································24
4.42变频器参数表····················································24
4.5 PLC端子接线图······················································25
第五章 PLC控制程序图·············································27
5.1自动程序·····························································27
5.2手动程序·····························································28
第六章 总结·················································29
6.1小结·················································29
6.2致谢··························································30
6.3参考文献·····················································31
6.4 附录清单························································32
二、课题综述（课题研究，主要研究的内容，要解决的问题，预期目标，研究步骤、方法及措施等）
1：感应机构对太阳轨迹的自动跟踪,使控制机构与太阳能电池板组合之后太阳能电池板表面始终对准太阳。
2：太阳自动跟踪系统是开发并有效利用太阳能资源不可或缺的重要的组成部分,目前使用的太阳能电池光电转换率非常低,实验室约为24%,产业化约为15%。理论分析表明：在太阳能发电系统中,在相同条件下,跟踪式系统的能量接收率比非跟踪式系统的接收率提高37.7%。因此,为了提高太阳能利用率,本文研究设计了一种以plc为控制核心的双轴式太阳自动跟踪系统。
3：天气时间变化对感应系统的影响，如何判断白天和黑夜。根据天气状况选择跟踪模式 。
4：通过对设计电路的不断挖掘改进，将控制电路和电机驱动电路无误的连接无误的连接，是否能够使太阳能电池板表面始终对准太阳。
5：1选题。为了提高太阳能电池转换效率，使太阳能电池模块的框架平台可以跟踪太阳光旋转，并保持框架平台上的太阳能电池与阳光入射角垂直，最大限度地接收太阳能，达到光能的最大获取2 ，收集阅读整理资料。通过对其历史和现状的了解掌握其发展动向，吸取经验教训，科学的观察对光控电路，电机驱动电路，控制电路，PLC相关知识收集。3 ，论证与组织。论证双轴太阳跟踪平台的实用，组织编写选题简介及意义，课题综述，设计体系及大纲。4 ，撰写。通过对其资料的收集填写完开题报告后开始编写。5 ，对双轴太阳跟踪平台初稿写好后进行多次修改再打印定稿。6 ，外文翻译。
6：通过对控制系统不断的实验观察，不断改进设计电路中难以解决的问题。
7：通过对光控电路的设计，电机驱动电路，控制电路，梯形图及程序的编写等措施来实现。
第一章 序言
1.1课题研究的主要内容及国内外现状综述
由于全球性能源危机，世界主要发达国家都开始重视可再生能源的利用研究。太阳能发电得到越来越广泛的应用，应用范围已遍及民用，住宅，产业等众多的领域。太阳能的光伏技术发电利用在当今世界特别是非洲、南美、澳洲及亚洲各国，其增长幅度相当大，主要原因是近几年来太阳电池、电力电子及微电子技术的快速发展及人们环保意识的不断增强，同时，许多国家都制定了相应的鼓励政策，这也是光伏技术利用快速发展的原因之一。20世纪90年代初期，太阳能光电技术在中国主要应用在通信领域，包括微波中继站，卫星通信地面站、卫星电视接收转换系统、程控电话交换机、部队通信台站。目前中国已建成各种规模的光伏发电站，并且已建成光伏并网示范系统。
参考文献：
[1] 向晓汉 S7-300/400PLC基础与案例精选 机械工业出版社
[2] 向晓汉 PLC控制技术与应用 清华大学出版社
[3] 向晓汉 电气控制与PLC技术 人民邮电出版社
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