夏黑葡萄病虫害发生与防治的调查研究
摘 要
夏黑葡萄是蔷薇科葡萄属，草本浆果类水果，其果实柔软多汁、色彩艳丽、酸甜适口、芳香浓郁，被人们誉称“水果皇后”。夏黑葡萄是我国主要小浆果种类之一，种植区域广。夏黑葡萄既不抗旱，也不耐涝。栽培夏黑葡萄的土壤既要有充足的水分，又要有良好透气性。本文全面调查了丹东夏黑葡萄不同栽培区主要病虫害种类、发生规律和防治现状。为丹东地区夏黑葡萄产业发展提供技术依据和实践基础。主要病虫害：
1.灰霉病是夏黑葡萄的主要病害，主要危害花和果实。
2.白粉病属于低温性病菌，夏黑葡萄全株都易发病, 并在整个生长季节不断发生, 危害极大。
3.红中柱根腐病是近几年温室夏黑葡萄生产上大面积发生的一种根部病害。
4.蚜虫为害夏黑葡萄的蚜虫包括有桃蚜和萝卜蚜等混合发生。以成蚜和若蚜集中刺吸夏黑葡萄叶、花、心叶汁液，大量发生时布满全株，使叶、花和心叶扭曲畸形，叶片卷缩变形，整个夏黑葡萄植株生长不良。
5.红蜘蛛的幼螨和成螨在夏黑葡萄叶的背面吸食汁液，使叶片局部形成灰白色小点，随后逐步扩展,形成斑驳状花纹,危害严重时，叶片变成锈色干枯，似火烧状，植株生长受抑制，造成严重减产。
6.斜纹夜蛾幼虫食叶、花蕾、花及果实，初食叶肉残留上表皮和叶脉，严重时可将叶吃光。
关键词：夏黑葡萄；病虫害；发生；防治
plant diseases and insect pests occurrence and control of Xia Hei Grapesresearch
Abstract
Xia HeiGrapesis Rosaceae FragariaGenera, herbal berry fruit, The fruit soft and juicy, colorful, sweet and sour taste, rich aroma, called"fruit queen"by people.It is one of the main types of small berries,growing region is wide.Xia HeiGrapesneither drought nor waterlogging. Xia HeiGrapescultivation have both sufficient soil water, but also have good permeability. The soil of cultivation should contain sufficient water and good permeability .Our paper has made a comprehensive investigation about the different kinds of diseases and insect pests, occurrence regularity and prevention status in different regions in Dandong.It has provided a practice and technical foundation. The main pests and diseases:
1.botrytis cinerea is the major disease of strawberry,mainly damaging flowers and fruits.
2.The powdery mildew are belongs to the low temperature resistance germ, It is easy to get disease during the whole growing season, emerging constantly. have done great harm.
3.in the column of red root rot of greenhouse Xia HeiGrapesproduction in recent years occurred on a large area of root disease.
4.the aphid of damage Xia HeiGrapesis mixed occurrence, including peach aphid and turnip aphid. The mixed aphids and the crudeness suck the liquor from the leaves,flowers and the core.These insects may crawl with the whole strawberry,causing distortion of the flowers, crimp of blades,making it unhealthy.
5.The larvae and adult of red spiders suck at the back of the leaves of strawberry,so that the leaves’ local form the offwhite puncticulums,gradually spreading,forming variegated pattern.As it is serious,leaves turnwithered of the rust color,as if burned,the growing has been restricted,causing severe yield reduction.
6.The larvae of the cotton leafworm eat leaves、flower buds、flowers and fruits, early mesophyll is residued on the epicuticle and vein,when it is serious, the leaves can be eaten out.
Key Words：frgaria;pest; happen;prevention
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
前 言 1
一、材料与方法 3
（一）夏黑葡萄虫害调查 3
1.调查项目 3
2.调查方法 3
3.田间调查 3
4.查阅资料 3
二、结果与分析 4
（一）夏黑葡萄病虫害调查分析 4
1.夏黑葡萄病害调查分析 4
2.夏黑葡萄虫害基本情况 5
（二）夏黑葡萄病虫害防治措施 7
1.夏黑葡萄病害防治方法 7
2.夏黑葡萄虫害防治方法 7
（三）夏黑葡萄病虫害生物学习性及发生与环境关系 8
1.夏黑葡萄主要病虫害生物学习性 8
2.夏黑葡萄病虫害发生与环境关系 8
（四）夏黑葡萄病虫害发生规律 9
1.夏黑葡萄病害发生规律 9
2.夏黑葡萄虫害发生规律 9
（五）夏黑葡萄病虫害的天敌 10
三、结论与讨论 11
（一）综合分析 11
（二）综合防治 11
1.提高栽培技术，增强夏黑葡萄的抗病虫能力 11
2.移栽定植前进行土壤消毒和化学除草 11
3.夏黑葡萄移栽定植存活返青前 11
4.幼果至果实采收前，视病虫发生情况喷药防治 12
参考文献 13
致谢 14
参考文献
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