汽车径向颗粒捕集器的结构设计与建模
摘要:伴随着汽车产业的迅速发展,尾气颗粒物排放进入大气造成了比较严重的环境污染,威胁着地球环境生态平
衡和人类健康,尾气颗粒物的收集问题也是制约着内燃机汽车发展的关键因素之一。为解决汽车尾气对环境的影响,颗粒捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF)顺应需求而诞生,它是一种能够提高汽车尾气品质的废气净化系统,该系统的特点是:可以显著提高汽车尾气品质,排气更干净,降低有害气体含量。DPF 可以减少废气中的有害物质,从而使废气排放降低。一般由氧化催化器和颗粒捕集器两部分组成,这些被捕获的颗粒会在汽车运行时被烧掉,从而使引擎的碳烟排量降低了 90%。但是目前关于 DPF 的研究主要集中在再生技术、快速积灰研究和低温失效等方面,对于径向式 DFP 的颗粒捕集性能有待进一步揭示和优化,而 DPF 的结构设计是决定其性能优劣的重要因素,亟待通过设计计算和三维建模手段实现。基于以上问题,本文汽车径向对称隔板式颗粒捕集器的进排气管、分流器、过滤体的结构尺寸进行了详细的设计计算,建立了汽车径向颗粒捕集器的三维物理模型,并在此模型的基础上对 DPF 的安装形式进行了讨论。
关键词:颗粒捕集器;汽车控制排放技术;分流器;设计建模;颗粒捕集再生
Structural Design and Modeling on Radial Diesel Particulate Filter
Abstract: With the rapid development of the automobile industry, exhaust particulate matter emissions into the atmosphere have caused relatively serious environmental pollution, threatening the ecological balance of the earth's environment and human health, and the collection of exhaust particulate matter is also one of the key factors restricting the development of internal combustion engine vehicles. In order to solve the impact of automobile exhaust on the environment, the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) was born in response to the demand, which is an exhaust gas purification system that can improve the quality of automobile exhaust, which is characterized by: it can significantly improve the quality of automobile exhaust, cleaner exhaust, and reduce harmful gas content. DPF can reduce harmful substances in the exhaust gas, thus reducing the exhaust emissions. It is generally composed of two parts, an oxidation catalytic converter and a particle trap, and these captured particles will be burned away when the car is running, thereby reducing the soot emission of the engine by 90%. However, the current research on DPF mainly focuses on regeneration technology, rapid ash accumulation research and low temperature failure, and the particle capture performance of radial DFP needs to be further revealed and optimized, and the structural design of DPF is an important factor determining its performance, which needs to be realized by design calculation and three-dimensional modeling. Based on the above problems, the structural dimensions of the intake and exhaust pipes, diverters and filter bodies of the automotive radial symmetrical separator particle trap are designed and calculated in detail, and a three-dimensional physical model of the automotive radial particle trap is established, and the installation form of DPF is discussed on the basis of this model.
Keywords: Diesel particulate filter; Automotive emission control technology; Current diverter; Design modeling; Particle capture and regeneration
I
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究来源 1
1.2 研究背景及意义 2
1.3 国内外研究现状 2
1.3.1 颗粒捕集器的结构设计 2
1.3.2 颗粒捕集器的安装形式 3
1.3.3 颗粒捕集器的性能研究 4
1.3.4 汽车颗粒的捕捉技术 5
1.3.5 现有研究总结 6
1.4 本文的主要研究内容 7
第二章 径向式 DPF 结构设计 8
2.1 发动机总体设计 8
2.2 滤芯尺寸的设定 8
2.3 加热器的设计 9
2.4 内衬及调节阀门的选择 9
第三章 径向式 DPF 模型建立 11
3.1 进排气管建模 11
3.2 对称式导流板建模 12
3.3 径向对称隔板式 DPF 模型建立 13
3.4 结果分析 14
第四章 径向式 DPF 安装形式 15
4.1 下置前排式 15
4.2 侧置上排式 16
4.3 下置后排式 16
4.4 压缩上排式 17
第五章 总结与展望 19
5.1 研究总结 19
5.1 研究展望 19
致 谢 21
参考文献 22
参考文献
[1]徐金贵.汽车尾气排放的危害及治理措施分析[J].内燃机与配件,2021(21):225-226.
[2]郭海燕,杨正文.汽车尾气的危害及其净化方法概述[J].中外企业家,2018(28):140.
[3]董彬.汽车尾气污染与危害[J].科技视界,2016(08):265+280.
[4]陈小龙.分析汽车排放污染的控制技术[J].农家参谋,2018(05):213.
[5]张长红,李建波.浅谈汽车尾气对环境造成的危害及解决措施分析[J].时代汽车,2020(22):32-33.
[6]杜明轩,景露霞,闫旭.柴油机 DPF 的设计与仿真[J].测试与试验,2018,14:52-54.
[7]王兰,李光辉,祁同晖.某柴油机颗粒捕集器结构优化及试验研究[J].内燃机与配件,2021(23):5-6.
[8]李厚平.柴油机非对称颗粒捕集器内部流动及颗粒捕集的数值研究[D].济南:山东理工大学,2021.
[9]李阳,郭秀荣,金帆,等.可拆卸式柴油机尾气颗粒捕集器研制及安装[J].林业机械与木工设备,2013,41(02):39-41.
[10]苏盛.柴油机颗粒捕集器对国六重型柴油机固态颗粒物排放的影响[J].柴油机设计与制造,2022,28(04):1-6.
[11]李亚军.缸内直喷汽油机典型工况 GPF 捕集和再生特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2022.
[12]姚塽.汽油机颗粒捕集器捕集及再生过程的仿真研究[D].天津:天津大学,2020.
[13]段肖宁,郑清平,韩超等.柴油机颗粒捕集器再生过程仿真模拟[J].河北工业大学学报,2021,50(04):57-62.
[14]Dimitrios Karamitros,Grigorios Koltsakis.Model-based optimization of catalyst zoning on SCR-coated particulate filters[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2017,173:514-524.
[15]Cho Insu,Moon Iljoo,Kim Daekuk,Park Taeyoung,Lee Dokyeong,Lee Jinwook.Experimental Investigation on OBD Signal and PN Emission Characteristics by Damaged-DPF Types of 2.0 L Diesel Vehicle[J].Applied Sciences,2022,12(15):77-82.
[16]Yamamoto Kazuhiro,Morimoto Takuya.Effects of Wall-Ash and Plug-Ash on Pressure Drop and Soot
Deposition in Diesel Particulate Filter[J].Emission Control Science and Technology,2022,8(3-4):380-396.
[17]秦琨,黄月婷,潘锦双,黄国海.车辆汽油机颗粒捕集器控制方法[J].装备制造技术,2022(12):77-80+94.
[18]支琪,董敏,王硕慜.汽车排放污染的控制技术[J].低碳世界,2017(33):12-13.
[19]马林才,季永青,夏良耀,王征,陈哲.微波再生型柴油机颗粒捕集器的结构优化设计[J].内燃
机,2016(05):30-34.
[20]雷汝婧.汽车节能与排放控制技术的研究[J].山东工业技术,2016(19):268.
[21]武卫民.我国汽车排放控制水平现状及综合对策探析[J].内燃机与配件,2021,000(005):148-149
[22]周晓杰,颜伏伍,陈旷.微粒捕集器捕集性能及再生技术研究[J].数字制造科学,2019,17(02):157-161.
[23]付秀阁.柴油机径向式颗粒捕集器气固两相流动分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.