（代写英语专业毕业论文）文化差异对中英翻译的影响
一、选题简介、意义。
With the development of science and technology and acceleration of world globalization ,all ethnic cultural exchange and integration has become an unstoppable trend .However ,people from different cultures inevitably encounter cultural barriers when they are in the process of communication .Chinese culture and English culture are two distinct cultures .People from different cultures have different opinions in regards to the same object or idea .Only profoundly grasp different cultural background knowledge and different thinking model ,can we properly handle the influence of cultural factors and make a successful communication.
二、课题综述（课题研究，主要研究的内容，要解决的问题，预期目标，研究步骤、方法及措施等）。
The paper analyzes the influence of cultural differences to English-Chinese translation.
Due to English and Chinese in culture have lots of differences ,so don't understand the difference can cause mistranslation so that cause social awkwardness .Visibly ,solving the problem of translation cultural differences and understanding the background knowledge are the key to success .The paper tries to point out the problem ,what cultural factors should be noticed during the translation ,will be analyzed and discussed from the aspects of similarity and difference of eastern and culture ,including different cultural connotation ,life style, national emotions and cognitive style and value.
Research approach:
1. Choose an appropriate topic.
2. Collect relative data on the Internet, in the library and from the books I have studied..
3. Keep in touch with the instructor during the writing process and polish the drafts.
Research steps:
1. Thesis report Deadline: 14th, Feb.
2. Data collection and the first draft Deadline: 15th, Mar.
3. First draft modification Deadline: 20th, Mar.
4. Second draft modification and the final version Deadline: 25th, Mar
Bibliography:
[1].潘绍中《谈谈汉英对译中的文化因素》 出自《中国翻译》 2004
[2].张培基《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社 1980
三、设计（论文）体系、结构（大纲）。
1. Introduction
2. Culture and Translation
2.1 The Concept of Culture
2.2 The Concept of Translation
2.3 The Relationship between Translation and Culture
3. The Influencing Factors of English-Chinese translation
3.1 The Influence of cultural connotation Difference to English-Chinese Translation
3.1.1 The Influence of Religious Culture Difference to English-Chinese Translation
3.1.2 The Influence of Historical Culture Difference to English-Chinese Translation.
3.2 The Influence of Life Style Difference to English-Chinese Translation
3.3 The Influence of Mode of Thinking Difference to English-Chinese Translation
3.4 The Influence of Value Difference to English-Chinese Translation
3.5 The Influence of Aesthetic Orientations Difference to English-Chinese Translation
4 . Conclusion
Contents
English Abstract……………………………………………………………………...5
Chinese Abstract...........................................................................................................5
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………..6
2. Culture and Translation…………………………………………………………...6
2.1the Concept of Culture……………………………………………………………6
2.2the Concept of Translation………………………….............................................6
2.3the Relationship between Translation and Culture……………………………..7
3 the Influencing Factors of English-Chinese Translation………………………...7
3.1the Influence of Cultural Connotation Difference to English-Chinese Translation……………………………………………………………………………7
3.1.1the Influence of Religious Culture Difference to English-Chinese Translation…………………………………………………………………………....7
3.1.2the Influence of Historical Cultural Difference to English-Chinese Translation…………………………………………………………………………...8
3.2the Influence of Life Style Difference to English-Chinese Translation …………………………………………………………………………..9
3.3 the Influence of Mode of Thinking Difference to English-Chinese Translation…………………………………………………………………………...10
3.4 the Influence of Value Difference to English-Chinese Translation…………………………………………………………………………..11
3.5 the Influence of Aesthetic Orientations Difference to English-Chinese Translation…………………………………………………………………………..12
4. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...13
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...…13
文化差异对中英翻译的影响
摘要：语言是一种复杂而灵活的社会现象，从一种语言的使用，我们可以看出使用该语言的民族的宗教文化，历史文化，生活方式，思维方式，个人价值观和审美取向等。从中西方文化的源流传统来看，儒家的伦理文化是汉文化的主流，而基督教的文化构成了西方文化的主脉。由于中西文化传统的差异，使得难以准确地把握译文。翻译不是单纯的文字转化，它涉及到两种语言所负载的文化。中英文化差异对英汉翻译会产生重大的影响。
关键词：文化差异 翻译 影响
Abstract：Language is a complex and flexible social phenomenon .From a language use ,we can show this nation's religious culture ,historical culture ,life-style ,mode of thinking ,values ,aesthetic orientations and so on .From the origin of Chinese and western cultural tradition ,Confucian ethical culture is the mainstream of Chinese culture ,but Christianity constitutes the main vein of western culture .Because of the difference of Chinese and western cultural tradition ,it's difficult to accurately grasp the translation .Translation is not merely the transformation of words ,it evolves the cultures concerning the two languages .Comparative study of cultural differences affecting translation between English and Chinese.
Keyword : Cultural difference ,Translation, effects
The Influence of Cultural Differences to English-Chinese Translation
1. Introduction
The varieties of culture make languages differences between nationalities quite complicated.It is necessary to make intercultural communication today when international contacts are more and more frequent.Culture is an eternal topic and it's also an issue to consider when we are translating.Culture is a complex system and language as an integral part of culture reflect a nation colorful side of the phenomenon.In the process of English-Chinese translation must draw enough attention.All the English Chinese translation theories,methods and techniques are based on contrastive studies.Language and culture are inseparable,so this's doomed to the close relationship between translation and culture.
2.Culture and Translation
2.1 the Concept of Culture
What is culture?Broadly speaking,culture refers to the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth that human create in the process of social practice,including literature,art,religion,philosophy and other result of social science and natural science.In narrow sense,culture is social ideology as well as the corresponding institution and organization structure,covering life-style,value and mode of thinking.Culture is characteristic of nationality and it forms its unique national tradition through the development of national form.Human's words and acts,consciously or unconsciously,reflect certain culture.
2.2 the Concept of Translation
Language is an important tool of human communication and translation is a kind of language communication activities.It includes the translation between the two different languages and translation within the same language.Mao Dun, the famous literature critics and scholar in modern Chinese literature,thinks that literary translation is to use another language to convey the original artistic conception and enable the reader to undergo enlightenment and aesthetic experiences.Eugene Nida, the American translation theorist,thinks translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the equivalent of the source-language message,first in the terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.Catford , the famous English translation theorist,thinks the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. Although their wording and emphasis are different,they are largely identical but with minor differences.
2.3 the Relationship between Translation and Culture
Any translation can't do without culture.Many experienced translators all pay attention to the relationship between translation and culture.Translating is not easy because language reflects culture and is controlled by culture.Zaixi Tan says that understanding of original text is far from simple language understanding.Language is a part of culture and it is influenced and restricted by culture.During translating process,comprehension of source text is right or wrong depends largely on having related cultural knowledge.For the translator,if you don't have two cultural contrastive knowledge,you'll be impossible to correctly understand and express language and words.A translation history is a human cultural historical exchanges.Cultural deposits play an important role in translating process.A translator needs years of cultural accumulation and this can't do by cleverness.A qualified translator not only has professional knowledge but also is erudite and becomes an generalist.
3 the Influencing Factors of English-Chinese Translation
3.1 the Influence of Cultural Connotation Difference to English-Chinese Translation
3.1.1the Influence of Religious Culture Difference to English-Chinese Translation
Religion is a kind of social cultural phenomenon and it's an important part of human ideas and culture.Different religion is the different expressional form of culture.It reflects the different cultural characteristic and cultural background and shows the different cultural traditions.China is atheist,does not believe in God,but some people believe in ghosts,some people believe in Confucianism or Taoism.West is theism,believe in God,everyone is God's and everyone is equal before God.Faith is the most powerful spiritual support.It guides the direction of life.to give the necessary spiritual comfort.Science developed capitalist countries,many religious people and even its leaders want God bless.China's religious has given people great freedom,so that people can hold religious sentiment in their hearts.Therefor, the God most Chinesepeople worship is not uniform.Most Chinese people don't belong to a religious organization,however,are more or less exist a unified spirit from Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism. The religious traditions in China,Confucianism has constituted the soul of Chinese culture in the long course of historical development.Many thinkers and politicians in China are based on the Confucian sense of responsibility to pursue truth,to maintain the orthodox and the implementation of reforms. Western religions are Islam and Christian.Similar and Buddhism,Islam in Mecca,Mohammed founded,has experienced bloody storm.Christianityin the first century AD,founder of Jesus, the Christian is bloody,the crucifixion of Jesus,severe penalties are extremely cruel.
