中西方文化差异对跨文化交际的影响
摘要:本文阐述了文化、文化差异和跨文化交际的内涵，分析了中西文化差异对跨文化交际影响的表现：称谓用语文化差异；问候语文化差异；社交礼仪上的差异；价值现方面的差异。要想正确地有效地交流，彼此了解对方的差异和文化特点是很重要的。
关键词：文化差异；价值观差异；跨文化传播；中西方影响
Influence of cultural differences on cross-cultural communication
Abstract: This paper expounds the connotation of culture, cultural differences and cross cultural communication; analyzing the influence of Chinese and Western cultural differences on cross cultural communication: cultural differences of appellation terms, cultural differences in greetings, differences in social etiquette and differences in values. It is important to understand other’s cultural differences and cultural characteristics in order to communicate properly and effectively
Key word: Cultural differences; the differences in values; cross cultural communication; Influences of Chinese and Western Contents
Contents
1. Connotation of Culture, Cultural Difference and Cross-Cultural Communication 3
2. The Demonstration to Effect on Cross-Cultural Communication by Different Culture Between Chinese and Western Countries 4
2.1 Differences of Appellation 4
2.2 Culture Differences in Salutation 5
2.3 Differences in Social Etiquette 6
2.4 Differences in Value 8
2.5 The Size of The Mistake; Expression and Use 9
3. Concluslons 10
4. The End of The Language 13
Influence of cultural differences on cross-cultural communication
1 Connotation of Culture, Cultural Difference and Cross-Cultural Communication
Hofstadter, master of culture gives such a definition of culture: the so-called "culture" means that people in the same environment have the "common psychological procedure." Therefore, culture is not an individual characteristic, but is a common procedure to people who have received the same community experiences and the same education. Different groups of people in different countries or regions, such shared mental procedures can differ is because they have always been educated differently and they live in the different society and have different work, which will result in a different way of thinking. Cultural difference means that it causes difference is due to people from various regions. However, cross-cultural communication refers to communication between people with different cultural backgrounds. In fact, it is the blending of language and process of cultural integration. Learning differences of culture between Eastern and western countries, which is conducive to avoiding intercultural communication errors as far as possible, eliminating misunderstandings in the international communication and promoting international communication and cooperation. It analyses impact on intercultural communication from the title language like cultural differences and greetings of different countries and social etiquette culture differences and value
2 The Demonstration to Effect on Cross-Cultural Communication by Different Culture Between Chinese and Western Countries
2.1 Differences of Appellation
How to properly use a salutation is key to the success of cross-cultural communication for people with different cultural backgrounds,. In the Western family, children can call their parents’ names.
And English and American has custom about name; they give their children name with the names of grandparents or parents as a memory. And a few name their child with celebrity a name, which is proud instead of causing trouble. In China, children cannot call parents ' names, and taboo junior name identical to the older, even not a homophone or homonym word. This way of giving name was not considered respectful. It is rare to use names of the great men or famous men, who is meant to avoid unnecessary trouble. In the Western company, regardless of your status or position, you can call the boss's name. Only a handful of titles can be used as a salutation, do not generally like the Chinese title. For example: President (总统), Governor (州长，总督), Ambassador (大使), Minister (部长), Mayor (市长). But in China, in order to show respect for each other, subordinates will greet to leader usually with title. The main reason for this phenomenon is the cultural differences between Chinese and Western. Westerners focus on individuality and equality; they pay little attention to rank and authority. Western philosophers are also particular about individual cultures. Because they think that everyone has his own natural rights, equal rights and freedoms, which focus on the realization of self-worth. This view is related to their economic characteristics. In the Western country strangers just call each other first name when they meet for the first time, which is inconsistent with the characteristics of the Chinese culture. "Chinese culture emphasizes appropriate status and lifestyle of the individual in the group." This is due to the influence of Confucianism, which emphasizes the social and collective spirit, advocate respect for interdependence rather than independent of
each other. In the China's 5,000 years of civilization, the thought of traditional etiquette like "seniority, high or low status" , Chinese name has a strict distinction. It will be regarded as unreasonable and no breeding if put the way of naming to western into Chinese.
课题需要完成的任务 （1）毕业论文资料调研。要围绕选题搜集、阅读有关中英文文献资料。同时，在实习单位进行实地调查研究，掌握第一手资料。根据论文资料撰写4000字左右的论文。
（2）撰写开题报告，并按规定参加开题报告答辩。
（3）撰写毕业论文详细提纲。论文提纲应分为几个部分或几个层次。写明论文的中心、重点、主要观点、结论等。
（4）撰写论文，反复修改。写作过程中要继续搜集、补充资料，写作要层次分明，条理清楚，观点明确，论证有理有据，具有说服能力。文章的文字要简洁、通顺、流畅、无错别字。凡引用文字、数据注明出处。
（5）将论文按规定格式打印定稿，提交指导教师。
（6）按系统一要求进行答辩准备。
（7）毕业答辩。
一、选题简介、意义
Different countries have different languages and cultures. Be sure to honor when talking with foreigners’ cultural customs and language habits. Avoid unnecessary misunderstanding. This article from the relationship between language and culture hand, by comparing the differences between Chinese and Western daily communication. The measures to overcome the obstacles of communication.
二、课题综述（课题研究，主要研究的内容，要解决的问题，预期目标，研究步骤、方法及措施等）
This paper analyzes the use of teaching examples of the causes of learning disabilities, English language, mainly English-speaking countries is the lack of knowledge about the cultural background and native language differences between the lack of awareness of cross-cultural communication, resulting in students learning generated reading comprehension, writing and communication barriers. And to propose appropriate measures of teaching. Emphasis on English language teaching, teachers should pay attention to strengthen the comparison of Chinese and Western cultural differences and help them to eliminate cultural differences caused by a series of learning disabilities, students learning English effectively improve the efficiency and grasp the true meaning of the language.
Research approach:
1. Choose an appropriate topic.
2. Collect relative data on the Internet, in the library and from the books I have studied..
3. Keep in touch with the instructor during the writing process and polish the drafts.
Research steps:
1. Thesis report Deadline: 14th, Feb.
2. Data collection and the first draft Deadline: 15th, Mar.
3. First draft modification Deadline: 20th, Mar.
4. Second draft modification and the final version Deadline: 25th, Mar
Bibliography:
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[4] 敖登.《浅谈中西方文化差异》[J].北京：前沿，2005
[5] 张冰.《浅析跨文化交际中的障碍》[M].上海：读与写教育教学刊，2008
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[8] 庄严，《浅谈中西方文化的发展趋势》[M].北京:神舟旬刊，2014
三、设计（论文）体系、结构（大纲）
1.Introduction
2. Chinese and western daily communication, the differences in the language of conversation
2.1 Differences in terms of address
2.2 Differences in greeting
2.3 Differences in terms of farewell
2.4 Differences in Table Expressions
2.5 Differences in topic selection
3. Causes of cultural differences between Chinese and Western
3.1 Reasons for the differences between Chinese and western geographical environment
3.2 The reasons for the differences between Chinese and Western historical and cultural backgrounds
3.3 The reasons for the difference in Chinese and Western Education
3.4 Different reasons for the way of life
4.Measures and approaches to overcome cultural barriers in cross cultural communication
4.1 To learn more foreign cultures, to respect foreign language habits and cultural customs
4.2 application, a lot of practice in life
4.3 To compare and classify the cultural differences, to help us to learn, to remember
5. Conclusion .
