国际贸易中信用证的结算方式中买方的主要风险和规避措措施
摘要：国与国之间的贸易和企业之间的贸易越来越频繁。在国际贸易实践中，这也成为国内商业贸易与外资商业贸易竞争的主要策略之一。但随着国际贸易的到来,各种产品的国际贸易活动越来越复杂和不确定性,使得国际贸易的风险也急剧增加。因此,以国际贸易为背景,以国际信用证为代表的国家的国际贸易融资也面临着各种风险和挑战。在信用证中，开证行应负责支付银行信贷产品首付款的国际货物销售合同款项。
关键词：信用证；国际贸易；国际结算；风险；防范
The main risks and circumvention measures of the buyer in the method of L/C settlement in international trade
Abstract:With the rapid development of China's foreign trade, various international settlement and trade financing services provided by commercial Banks have become an important guarantee for Chinese enterprises to go global and participate in international economic cooperation, as well as an active participant in international settlement and trade financing, It has also become one of the main strategies for domestic commercial Banks to compete with foreign Banks. But with international trade comes a variety of products International trade activities are becoming more and more complex and uncertain Make the risk of international trade also in sharp increase. Therefore, with international trade as the background, with the international letter of credit as the representative of the country International trade financing also faces various risks and challenges.
Keywords:The l/c;The international trade;International settlement;risk;To guard against
Contents
1.Introduction 1
2 Application of L/C in international trade 1
2.1 To use L/C 2
2.2 Settle the account using the L/C 2
3. Settlement risk of international trade 3
3.1 Buyer's risk of using L/C 4
3.2 Risks in L/C settlement:: 5
4.Buyer avoid the risk of L/C 6
5.Conclusion 7
1.Introduction：
In the process of the gradual integration of the world economy,or the correspondent bank (collectively called the advising bank) where the local exporter is located. after that letter of credit is a common settlement method. However, due to the characteristics and defects of l/c, there are some risks. The importer and the issuing bank should strengthen the guard their own business, strengthen the audit documents, and avoid possible risks in the process of the l/c settlement, an increasingly competitive international trade, international trade settlement way is becoming an important means of competition, the choice of the ways of trade settlement and settlement risk prevention for import business is also very important, which determine the importer of the goods safety and transaction security .In international trade activities, the seller and the buyer may not trust each other, the buyer is worried that after the advance payment, the seller does not ship the goods according to the contract requirements; The seller is also concerned that the buyer will not pay after delivery or presentation of shipping documents. Therefore, two Banks are required to act as guarantors for both buyers and sellers to collect the payment and submit documents on behalf of them, and replace commercial credit with bank credit. The tool that the bank USES in this activity is letter of credit.
一、选题简介、意义
In international trade, the buyer USES the letter of credit risk and how to avoid the risk，I personally think the significance of choosing this topic lies in the in-depth understanding of the content norms of this industry and how to learn more about the places that I am not familiar with
二、课题综述（课题研究，主要研究的内容，要解决的问题，预期目标，研究步骤、方法及措施等）
In international trade, since l/c settlement is paid according to the characteristics of bank credit, it can guarantee the safe receipt of payment by exporters and the safe receipt of goods by importers, providing business confidence and security for both parties who do not know each other. Therefore, the use of letter of credit settlement in the international means of payment occupies a large proportion.Trade between China and other countries has become more and more frequent, and the mode of trade settlement has also begun to change to letter of credit.However, all kinds of risks of l/c are gradually exposed. In international trade, the awareness of risk prevention should be enhanced to avoid unexpected losses and smooth trade.
Target：The buyer and the seller can trust each other
Research steps：Refer to existing books and literature
Bibliography:
[1]赖 婧.湖南第一师范学院学报 . 国际贸易中信用证的风险及控制研究[J]2010 年 4 月第10卷第2期
[2]白常军.商业银行进口信用证风险及其防范财务实务[J](2011年第06期)
[3]陈元春.国际贸易中信用证的风险及控制研究现代营销(下旬刊)[J]（2012年03期）
[4]康建军.浅谈国际贸易中信用证结算风险及防范对策[J]本钢集团国际经济贸易有限公司(2004.06)
[5]刘洪彬，王柳.信用证结算存在的风险及防范措施 [D]浙江理工大学经济管理学院 （2016.06）
[6]熊嘉忻.法治与经济中旬刊 [J]（2014年05期）
三、设计（论文）体系、结构（大纲）
1.Introduction
2 .Application of L/C in international trade
2.1 How to use L/C
2.2 How to settle the account when using the L/C
3. Settlement risk of international trade
3.1 Buyer's risk of using L/C
3.2 Risks in L/C settlement
4. Buyer avoid the risk of L/C
5.Conclusion
Bibliography:
[1]赖 婧.湖南第一师范学院学报 . 国际贸易中信用证的风险及控制研究[J]2010 年 4 月第10卷第2期
[2]白常军.商业银行进口信用证风险及其防范财务实务[J](2011年第06期)
[3]陈元春.国际贸易中信用证的风险及控制研究现代营销(下旬刊)[J]（2012年03期）
[4]康建军.浅谈国际贸易中信用证结算风险及防范对策[J]本钢集团国际经济贸易有限公司(2004.06)
[5]刘洪彬，王柳.信用证结算存在的风险及防范措施 [D]浙江理工大学经济管理学院 （2016.06）
[6]熊嘉忻.法治与经济中旬刊 [J]（2014年05期）
