无锡城区中小企业非研发创新的现状及对策研究
摘要：随着我国改革开放的不断深入和全球化经济社会不断进入新的发展阶段，无锡城区中小企业从萌芽到当前的发展，现已成为无锡经济社会发展不可或缺的重要力量，也是无锡社会经济的主体。但在社会大环境激烈的竞争下，无锡城区中小企业的生存和发展变的更加艰难，无锡城区中小企业要想求得一席生存之地，就必须在原有的基础上寻求创新，所以创新对于无锡城区中小企业的重要性也日益凸显。在以前传统的创新中，企业研发被认为是企业创新的主要或者是唯一的方式，但很多中小企业大都没有能力、没有资源进行以研发为主要目的的创新活动，甚至有的中小企业内部根本就不进行类似创新的研发活动，所以说，都谈不上非研发创新，但是却依然具有创新性和研发性，为此我们通过调查研究对无锡城区中小企业进行的非研发创新活动有哪些、无锡城区中小企业的非研发创新现状是怎么样，并来感知其现阶段及以后的发展情况，同时提出一些建设性的建议来改善一下其所在的非研发创新环境及现状，并为无锡城区中小企业在非研发创新的道路上提供了新的思路，也希望无锡城区中小企业在以后的市场经济道路上可以越走越远。
关键词：非研发创新；中小企业；创新绩效；知识搜索；无锡城区
Research on the current situation and countermeasures of small and medium-sized enterprises in wuxi city.
Abstract:With the deepening of China's reform and opening up and economic globalization society entered a new phase of development, continuously wuxi city from germination to the current development of small and medium-sized enterprises, has become indispensable to wuxi economic and social development important force, is the body of the social economy, wuxi. Under the fierce competition in the social environment of wuxi city the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises have become more difficult, in wuxi city of small and medium-sized enterprises want to get a living place, we must seek innovation on the basis of the original, so innovation in wuxi city is increasingly highlighted the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises. Before the traditional innovation, enterprise development is considered to be the main or enterprise innovation is the only way, but a lot of small and medium-sized enterprises are no ability, no resources to research and development as the main purpose of innovation activities, and even some small and medium-sized enterprise internal isn't a similar innovation research and development activities, so is not innovation, but it still has innovation and research and development, therefore we through investigation and study to the research and development of wuxi city small and medium-sized enterprise innovation activities what, wuxi city the present situation of the innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises is how, and to perceive its present and future development situation, And puts forward some constructive Suggestions to improve the its own the innovation and the present situation of the environment, and in wuxi city of small and medium-sized enterprises in the research and development provides a new train of thought on the road of innovation, also hope to wuxi city small and medium-sized enterprises in market economy since the end of the road can more walk more far.
Key words:Non-r&d innovationl,Small and medium-sized enterprises (smes), Innovation performance, Knowledge search, Wuxi city
一、绪论
（一）调查背景
无锡市为贯彻落实国家和省、市有关发展中小企业的非研发创新的方针政策，且为中小企业发展提供政策服务，并鼓励中小企业在非研发创新的基础上拓展国内外市场，帮助中小企业在资金、技术、市场、项目、人才等方面开展对外交流与合作；推进中小企业在非研发创新转型升级，在参与中小企业兼并重组，推动中小企业改制上市和加强品牌建设，促进中小企业在非研发创新转型成功及引导中小企业调整非研发创新产品结构，开展技术创新与技术合作；推进和完善中小企业非研发创新服务体系建设，建立非研发创新服务联盟，联系和配合相关机构为中小企业非研发创新提供技术、人才、资金、能源、设备、管理咨询、创业辅导等方面的服务， 协助好为无锡各大企业在非研发创新上面做好相互之间的对接。江苏省无锡市：无锡城区、江阴、宜兴
（二）调查目的
本次调查的目的是了解无锡中小企业的知识搜索、非研发创新现状，内外部环境因素对知识搜索和非研发创新的影响，非研发创新对企业经济绩效的影响。
（三）调查地点
江苏省无锡市：无锡城区、江阴、宜兴
（四）调查对象
调查对象主要是无锡城区、江阴和宜兴三个地区的中小企业。由于本调研涉及到企业的非研发创新、企业经济绩效、知识搜索、内外部环境因素等内容，被调研人员必须
熟悉企业经营管理的总体情况。因此，填写问卷的对象主要是熟悉企业实际运营的企业
家或高层管理者、中层管理人员、或者是技术骨干、工程师等。。
（五）调查时间
2018年3月5日确定调查问卷
2018年3月8日分发问卷
2018年3月18日收集统计数据
2018年3月26日写调研报告
（六）调查方式
本次问卷发放采用了2 种方式。一种是利用参与指导老师以研究课题的形式，并进行实地考察调研的机会，让无锡城区中小企业中的中高层管理者，或技术人员、工程师等直接填写调查问卷。这种以实地考察调研的方法回收率也比较较高，且填写的完整率也较高。另一种是借助问卷星平台，利用团队成员的同学、亲戚、朋友等人脉关系发放问卷。本次调研共收回有效问卷共326 份。
（七）指导老师及团队成员
指导老师：瞿孙平 于云波 周桂瑾 俞林
团队成员：于佳敏 赵梦意 姚玉红 马晓宁
（八）调研报告人
无锡职业技术学院15级工商41532班 马晓宁
（九）调查问卷项目
调查问卷项目主要是无锡城区各中小企业非研发创新中涉及到其中小企业的成立年限、所属的经济类型、公司目前大致处于的发展阶段、和公司主营产品所处的生命周期、产品或服务的科技含量情况、再者就是公司最近三年平均的营业收入和人数。对于无锡城区中小企业研发现状调查了以下内容：在行业内，公司从事技术研发人员的比重、是否专门设置了研发部门、最近三年，公司的研发投资占销售额比重在行业内的排名大概位于什么阶段，而且调查了对于无锡城区中小企业创新发展最需要的因素有哪些等逐一做了选择。然重中之重分别调查并简要对知识搜索（正式搜索和非正式搜索）、组织惯性、创新型文化、变革型领导、技术的不确定性、市场的竞争程度、市场的不确定性、非研发创新、公司经济绩效等重要因素对非研发创新的影响做了分析。
二、调查数据统计及分析
此次我们组的调研课题是无锡城区中小企业非研发创新的现状及对策研究分报告，为了使这次调查更有意义，调查数据和结果更有参考性和说服力，为此我们共收回有效问卷326份，其中纸质问卷300份，即收到无锡城区有效问卷为：网上调研43份，实地调研63份，共合计有效问卷106份。调查结果如下：
注：图表中所对应的数字1—5为满意程度，它们分别表示1—非常不同意；2—不同意；3—一般；4—同意；5—非常同意。
目 录
摘要、关键词······························································1
一、绪论··································································1
（一）调查背景························································1
（二）调查目的························································2
（三）调查地点························································2
（四）调查对象························································2
（五）调查时间··············································2
（六）调查方式······················································2
（七）指导老师及团队成员···········································2
（八）调研报告人····················································2
（九）调查问卷项目·············································· ······2
二、调查数据统计及分析·············································· ·3
（一）公司概况·············································· ······3
（二）中小企业非研发创新类型方面······································6
（三）中小企业内部环境影响因素方面·····································7
（四）中小企业外部环境影响因素方面·····································8
（五） 知识搜索对非研发创新的影响 ···································9
（六） 组织惯性对非研发创新的影响 ·································9
（七）中小企业经济绩效方面···········································10
三、调查总结·····························································11
四、对策与建议···························································13
五、结束语·······························································13
参考文献·······························································15
附录······························································16
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